The K-pop lightstick culture and how it became a global phenomenon

Feb 04, 2025

Blackpink on their concert tour in cities across Asia, Europe, and North America (Photo: YG Entertainment)

Cover K-pop girl group Blackpink on their 2022 concert tour in cities across Asia, Europe, and North America (Photo: YG Entertainment)

K-pop girl group Blackpink on their 2022 concert tour in cities across Asia, Europe, and North America (Photo: YG Entertainment)

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Discover the history behind lightsticks and why they are central to the K-pop experience

The sight of thousands of glowing lightsticks swaying in perfect synchronisation has become an integral part of the K-pop concert experience. These illuminated devices, far more sophisticated than traditional concert glow sticks, have transformed from simple fan merchandise into powerful symbols of fan identity and community.

It’s undeniable that lightsticks have become powerful tools for community building within K-pop fandoms. They create visible representations of fan solidarity during concerts and serve as conversation starters between fans outside of events. This shared symbol of fandom helps build connections across language and cultural barriers, contributing to K-pop’s global appeal.

Above K-pop lightsticks are more than just a prop, they’re a symbol of unity and fandom (Photo: Pinterest)

K-pop lightsticks are more than just a prop, they’re a symbol of unity and fandom (Photo: Pinterest)

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The origins of K-pop lightsticks

The story begins in 1997 when H.O.T., one of K-pop’s first idol groups, introduced what would become the prototype for modern lightsticks. Their fans wielded white balloon-like devices that gave off a gentle luminescence during concerts. This simple beginning laid the foundation for what would eventually evolve into today’s tech-savvy Bluetooth-enabled devices.

However, it was Bigbang’s introduction of the “crown-shaped” lightstick in 2006 that revolutionised the concept. Their design established the practice of creating group-specific lightsticks with distinct shapes and meanings, setting a precedent that other K-pop groups would follow.

More than just merchandise

K-pop lightsticks, known as ‘paenbong’ (팬봉) in Korean, have transcended their basic function as concert accessories. Each design tells a story, incorporating elements of the K-pop group’s identity, fandom name, and artistic concept. For instance, BTS’ ARMY Bomb represents the connection between the group and their fandom, ARMY, while Blackpink’s hammer-shaped lightstick reflects their powerful musical style.

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These devices create spectacular synchronised light shows during concerts, act as symbols of fan allegiance and community, and serve as collectible items that increase in value over time.

Above The one that started it all, Bigbang’s introduction of the “crown-shaped” lightstick (Photo: Pinterest)

The one that started it all, Bigbang’s introduction of the “crown-shaped” lightstick (Photo: Pinterest)

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The technology evolution

Modern K-pop lightsticks are marvels of concert technology. Third- and fourth-generation versions feature Bluetooth connectivity, allowing venue staff to control thousands of lightsticks simultaneously. This capability creates breathtaking ocean-like waves of light that move in harmony with the music, transforming audiences into living light displays.

SM Entertainment’s groups pioneered this technology with their ‘Pearl Neo’ lightsticks, while other entertainment companies quickly developed their own versions. The advancement in technology has made these devices increasingly sophisticated, with some featuring multiple colour options, sound reactivity, mobile app integration and custom programming capabilities.

Cultural impact and global reach

The globalisation of K-pop has carried lightstick culture far beyond South Korea’s borders. International fans have embraced these devices as essential concert gear and collectible items. Major retailers worldwide now stock official lightsticks, and secondary market prices for rare or discontinued models can reach hundreds of dollars.

The phenomenon has influenced how fans engage with live music globally. Western artists have begun adopting similar concepts, recognising the power of synchronised light displays to enhance concert experiences. Taylor Swift’s LED bracelets and Coldplay’s Xylobands demonstrate the wider influence of K-pop lightstick culture.

The lightstick market has become a significant revenue stream for K-pop entertainment companies. Premium models typically retail between US$35-US$60, with limited editions commanding higher prices.

Above BTS’ new ARMY Bomb connects to an app via Bluetooth that allows fans to easily change the light colour (Photo: Instagram/@bangtanfollowers)

BTS’ new ARMY Bomb connects to an app via Bluetooth that allows fans to easily change the light colour (Photo: Instagram/@bangtanfollowers)

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The continuing evolution of technology suggests exciting possibilities for the future. Entertainment companies are exploring advanced augmented reality (AR) integration, solar-powered options, enhanced interactivity features, and improved sustainability measures.

These developments indicate that lightsticks will remain central to the K-pop concert experience while adapting to changing technological and environmental requirements.

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K-pop lightsticks have evolved from being simple concert accessories to sophisticated interactive devices reflecting the broader development of K-pop itself. As the industry continues to grow globally, lightsticks remain powerful symbols of fan identity and community, while pushing the boundaries of concert technology and fan engagement.