Cover 臺北市立天文科學教育館
2022 年超級滿月僅 2 天,分別在 6 月和 7 月,天文迷快把日期筆記下來,千萬不要錯過欣賞「巨型月亮」的好時機。

什麼是超級滿月

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JERSEY CITY, NJ - MAY 7: The Super Flower Moon rises behind the Statue of Liberty in New York City on May 7, 2020 as seen from Jersey City, New Jersey. (Photo by Gary Hershorn/Getty Images)
Above JERSEY CITY, NJ - MAY 7: The Super Flower Moon rises behind the Statue of Liberty in New York City on May 7, 2020 as seen from Jersey City, New Jersey. (Photo by Gary Hershorn/Getty Images)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - MAY 7: The Super Flower Moon rises behind the Statue of Liberty in New York City on May 7, 2020 as seen from Jersey City, New Jersey. (Photo by Gary Hershorn/Getty Images)

「超級滿月」又稱為「超級月亮」,它並非天文學的專業術語,而是全世界的慣用說法,意旨滿月(或新月)與近點月同時發生的近點朔望月,由於月球在橢圓軌道上繞著地球公轉,因此它與地球的距離每個月都大約在 357,000 和 406,000 公里之間不斷改變,同時一個物體的視大小和視亮度與距離的平方成反比,這意味著在近點月的滿月會比平均的滿月大 12%,也會比較亮。

當然,月相的變化不是一兩天就完成,而是在一個月的時間內逐漸的改變,這種漸進的變化使人們不容易察覺其間的差異。

在潮汐上的反應

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SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA - SEPTEMBER 28:  A supermoon is seen in skies over New South Wales on September 28, 2015 in Sydney, Australia. A supermoon occurs when a full moon coincides with its perigee, which is its closest approach to the Earth.  (Photo by Impressions/Getty Images)
Above SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA - SEPTEMBER 28: A supermoon is seen in skies over New South Wales on September 28, 2015 in Sydney, Australia. A supermoon occurs when a full moon coincides with its perigee, which is its closest approach to the Earth. (Photo by Impressions/Getty Images)
SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA - SEPTEMBER 28:  A supermoon is seen in skies over New South Wales on September 28, 2015 in Sydney, Australia. A supermoon occurs when a full moon coincides with its perigee, which is its closest approach to the Earth.  (Photo by Impressions/Getty Images)

當然除了視覺上月亮大小會有差異外,就連潮汐上也會有反應。大家還記得去年 3 月 29 日擱淺於蘇伊士運河的長賜輪是如何脫困的嗎?在抽砂船、挖土機與各型拖船束手無策之際,最後是在「滿月」引發的大潮下,才讓重達 22 萬噸的 400 公尺巨輪浮出泥沼。

根據了解,月球在近地點的潮汐力會比較強大些,所以通常會是在新月或滿月時會有比平均潮汐較大的漲落。

2022 年超級滿月日期

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Above 臺北市立天文科學教育館

2022 年的超級滿月共有 2 次分別在 6 月與 7 月。

  1. 【 6 月 14 日】6 月這次發生在 14 日晚間 19 時 52 分,由於不到 12 小時後月球即通過近地點,所以當下與地球的距離近至 357,656 公里,較平常近了 7% 左右,視直徑達 33.5 角分,而在 6 月 14 日 18 時 44 分時升起的滿月,也會是最大、最亮、最顯眼的,並且在地面景物的襯托下,益形巨大、明亮而美麗,千萬別錯失這幅美景。
  2. 【 7 月 14 日】6 月 14 日的超級滿月,不僅視直徑比平常滿月大了近 6%,亮度也增加約 12%。不過呢,6 月僅是今年度的「第二大滿月」,最大的滿月將於 7 月 14 日登場,有興趣的讀者也趕緊把日期記起來,千萬不要錯過。

觀賞方法

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JERSEY CITY, NJ - JUNE 24: The Super Strawberry Moon rises above the skyline of lower Manhattan and One World Trade Center in New York City on June 24, 2021 as seen from Jersey City, New Jersey. (Photo by Gary Hershorn/Getty Images)
Above JERSEY CITY, NJ - JUNE 24: The Super Strawberry Moon rises above the skyline of lower Manhattan and One World Trade Center in New York City on June 24, 2021 as seen from Jersey City, New Jersey. (Photo by Gary Hershorn/Getty Images)
JERSEY CITY, NJ - JUNE 24: The Super Strawberry Moon rises above the skyline of lower Manhattan and One World Trade Center in New York City on June 24, 2021 as seen from Jersey City, New Jersey. (Photo by Gary Hershorn/Getty Images)

讀者若要欣賞滿月,台北天文館也加碼公開最佳賞月方法以及拍攝方式,「並不需要任何工具,只需找個看得到月亮地方,以肉眼欣賞月亮即可。」但如果是若想拍攝月亮,也很簡單,只要將相機以三腳架固定後,按下拍攝鈕即可。此外,若透過望遠鏡放大拍攝,可進一步看出月面地形特徵,效果更佳,大家不妨參考看看。

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Irene Chen
Social Media Managing Editor, Tatler Taiwan
Tatler Asia

沒有什麼不喜歡,沒有什麼不能做。

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Mail:Irene.chen@tatlerasia.com