LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - FEBRUARY 12: A general view of atmosphere at Hauser & Wirth x MATCHESFASHION at Hauser & Wirth on February 12, 2020 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Stefanie Keenan/Getty Images for Hauser & Wirth x MATCHESFASHION)
Cover MATCHESFASHION at Hauser & Wirth. (Photo by Stefanie Keenan/Getty Images for Hauser & Wirth x MATCHESFASHION)
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA - FEBRUARY 12: A general view of atmosphere at Hauser & Wirth x MATCHESFASHION at Hauser & Wirth on February 12, 2020 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Stefanie Keenan/Getty Images for Hauser & Wirth x MATCHESFASHION)

時尚精品電商 MatchesFashion 面臨危機,去年12月, Frasers Group 以5,200萬英鎊收購了Matches,計劃重振這家虧損的零售商。結果商購才兩個月,集團就突然關閉,MatchesFashion也因此進入破產管理程序,倫敦總部的273 名員工(公司員工總數的一半以上)將立即被解僱。而就在Matches被收購之前,時尚電商 Farfetch也同樣面臨財務困難,直至被韓國電子商務巨頭 Coupang收購才化解。如此接二連山的危機應證著精品電商鼎盛時期的結束。

近幾年來,許多在線的時尚精品電商都面臨到了經營困難,如被Coupang收購的Farfetch、歷峰集團旗下的Yoox Net-A-Porter (YNAP) 和現在進入破產管理程序的Matches,一系列的危機讓人不禁好奇,為何電商時代會走向如此局面? Yoox 和 Net-A-Porter 均於 2000 年作為獨立公司成立,在獲得歷峰集團 (Richemont) 的財務支持後於 2015 年合併。 Matches 於 1987 年作為實體零售商起步,隨後於 2007 年開設線上商店,Farfetch 於 2008 年推出。早期這些公司在業務表現上非常強勁,因為精品主要還是以實體店為主,如今來到了2024年,時尚精品品牌早已有系統化的官方網站,因此讓這些選品購物入口網站岌岌可危。

延伸閱讀:Coupang宣布以五億美金收購時尚電商Farfetch,5點分析被譽為「韓國亞馬遜」酷澎:因新冠疫情賺進大把鈔票!
 

1. 是線上精品電商的問題還是整個市場的放緩?

Tatler Asia
LOS ANGELES, CA - FEBRUARY 12:  MATCHESFASHION.COM x Dr Woo in celebration of Frieze LA at Chateau Hanare on February 12, 2019 in Los Angeles, California.  (Photo by Donato Sardella/Getty Images for Matches Fashion)
Above (Photo by Donato Sardella/Getty Images for Matches Fashion)
LOS ANGELES, CA - FEBRUARY 12:  MATCHESFASHION.COM x Dr Woo in celebration of Frieze LA at Chateau Hanare on February 12, 2019 in Los Angeles, California.  (Photo by Donato Sardella/Getty Images for Matches Fashion)
Tatler Asia
UKRAINE - 2022/01/28: In this photo illustration, the Farfetch logo is displayed on a smartphone screen and in the background. (Photo Illustration by Pavlo Gonchar/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
Above (Photo Illustration by Pavlo Gonchar/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
UKRAINE - 2022/01/28: In this photo illustration, the Farfetch logo is displayed on a smartphone screen and in the background. (Photo Illustration by Pavlo Gonchar/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)

Matchesfashion 的狀況也反映出了當今的購物消費習慣,通膨和利率上升正在影響消費者支出,尤其是當時尚精品非必需品的支出。根據報導中指出,源於受到市場放緩的影響,設計師品牌也相對減少對批發合作夥伴的依賴,轉向投資直接面向消費者 (DTC) 業務,來更有效的控制品牌形象,並保持獨特吸引力。

除此之外,電商最令人期待的就是打折活動,時尚精品電商透過黑色星期五、雙11等噱頭來創造折扣購買風潮,但這其實都影響了其利潤率與消費者的看法,甚至因尋求大幅折扣而業績不如預期,無法向上架的品牌付款,逾期付款使品牌終止與時尚電商合作。

 

2. Mytheresa 成意外黑馬

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11 January 2024, Saxony, Schkeuditz: Sebastian Dietzmann (l-r), Head of Operations at Mytheresa, Michael Kretschmer (CDU), Minister President of Saxony, and Michael Kliger, CEO of Mytheresa, stand in front of a photo wall at the opening of the company's new logistics center, an online platform for luxury fashion. Covering an area of around 55,000 square meters, the center offers space for up to five million luxury items from the women's fashion and real jewelry categories. Thanks to its close proximity to t
Above 11 January 2024, Saxony, Schkeuditz: Sebastian Dietzmann (l-r), Head of Operations at Mytheresa, Michael Kretschmer (CDU), Minister President of Saxony, and Michael Kliger, CEO of Mytheresa, stand in front of a photo wall at the opening of the company's new logistics center, an online platform for luxury fashion. Covering an area of around 55,000 square meters, the center offers space for up to five million luxury items from the women's fashion and real jewelry categories. Thanks to its close proximity to t
11 January 2024, Saxony, Schkeuditz: Sebastian Dietzmann (l-r), Head of Operations at Mytheresa, Michael Kretschmer (CDU), Minister President of Saxony, and Michael Kliger, CEO of Mytheresa, stand in front of a photo wall at the opening of the company's new logistics center, an online platform for luxury fashion. Covering an area of around 55,000 square meters, the center offers space for up to five million luxury items from the women's fashion and real jewelry categories. Thanks to its close proximity to t

說到時尚電商除了上述的Matches、Farfetch、以及Net-A-Porter外,Mytheresa 也是同樣擁有相同競爭力的時尚精品電商平台,與 Matches 一樣,最初為精品店在2006年轉型為線上,2014年成為Neiman Marcus 集團的一部分,但在2018 年被 NMG 的私募股權所有者剝離。當時,Mytheresa 的估值為2.8億美元。

在近期的財報中,Mytheresa意外成黑馬,Mytheresa 似乎沒有受到相同的營收困擾。以固定匯率計算,商品總價值成長 6%,總計 3.39 億美元,淨銷售額成長 8.3%,其中美國市場大幅成長 17%。不過公司報中淨利仍虧損近600 萬美元,調整後EBITDA 為860 萬美元,較上一季下降超過50%,EBITDA 利潤率從9.3% 降至4%。

顯而易見的,Kliger 和Mytheresa 團隊將野心放大,希望其他電商的消費者可以轉換平台,並且希望現有客戶能夠繼續購買。因此Mytheresa推出了許多獨家膠囊系列,從LOEWE、Loro Piana 、Khaite等等,創造出獨有且限量的單品。品牌表示:「我們不僅超出了市場預期,而且還超越了幾乎所有競爭對手。 」

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Keira Lu
Fashion Editor, Tatler Taiwan
Tatler Asia
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Keira Lu

Fashion Editor, Taiwan

keira.lu@tatlerasia.com