Yokosuka Museum of Art
Cover Yokosuka Museum of Art

The Japanese architect is the 53rd recipient of the prestigious Pritzker Prize, which recognises his civic-centric contributions to the architectural world

In the Tianjin Library in China (completed in 2012), six million books fill the shelves, integrated into an intersecting grid of beams, expressed as long stacks that appear to float. Mezzanines on each of the five levels give visitors cross views of the other levels, creating connectivity and a sense of sharing.

In the Yokosuka Museum of Art in Japan (completed in 2006), one enters via the roof, which focuses the view toward Tokyo Bay, enlarging the cultural experience of the surrounding environment. Most of the galleries are tucked underground, allowing both visitors and locals a view over the treetops as they traverse the sinewy rooftop terrace before descending into the art spaces.

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Hiroshima Nishi Fire Station
Above Hiroshima Nishi Fire Station

In the Hiroshima Nishi Fire Station (completed in 2000), the façade, interior walls, and floors are constructed of glass, so that passers-by can view and engage with the firefighters who train in the central atrium—a bold and novel scheme eschewing typical fire stations to highlight the job’s civic responsibility.

Japanese architect Riken Yamamoto, who was the 53rd architect to receive the prestigious Pritzker Prize on March 5 this year, is the architect behind these three spaces. The prize was established by Jay and Cindy Pritzker from the famous Pritzker family, with Jay also wearing a second hat as the founder of Hyatt Hotels.

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Photo 1 of 2 The Tianjin Library
Photo 2 of 2 Yokosuka Museum of Art

The prize aims to bring greater public awareness to the industry while inspiring creativity within the architectural profession. It honours a living architect—or multiple architects—who has made significant contributions to both the built environment and society at large with their work.

Yamamoto follows the trajectory of other Japanese laureates such as Shigeru Ban, Toyo Ito, Arata Isozaki, Fumihiko Maki, Kenzo Tange, Tadao Ando, Kazuyo Sejima, and Ryue Nishizawa. Non-Japanese winners have included Oscar Niemeyer and Zaha Hadid, as well as Philip Johnson, who was the first recipient of the prize in 1979.

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Pangyo Housing
Above Pangyo Housing

The jury citation mentions Yamamoto as managing to “produce architecture both as background and foreground to everyday life, blurring boundaries between its public and private dimensions, and multiplying opportunities for people to meet spontaneously, through precise, rational design strategies.” His work exhibits “a self-explanatory yet modest and pertinent architecture, with structural honesty and precise scaling, with careful attention to the landscape of the surroundings.”

These qualities are present in the examples mentioned above. As Yamamoto has expressed: “For me, to recognise space is to recognise an entire community.” Across many of his projects, spaces for common activities aside from the buildings’ main functions are present. Take the Hiroshima Fire Station, where the building’s transparency is a device used to reflect the transparency of hierarchy, functionality, and accessibility for both users and spectators.

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Photo 1 of 4 Fussa City Hall
Photo 2 of 4 Saitama Prefectural University
Photo 3 of 4 Future University of Hakodate
Photo 4 of 4 Yamakawa Villa

His childhood home—modelled after a traditional Japanese machiya with his mother’s pharmacy upfront and the living quarters behind—was an early reference point. “The threshold on one side was for family, and the other side for community. I sat in between,” Yamamoto has articulated, as shared by the Pritzker Prize team.

Born in Beijing, People’s Republic of China, in 1945, Yamamoto relocated to Yokohama, Japan shortly after the end of World War II. He began his architecture work in Tokyo and founded his practice, Riken Yamamoto & Field Shop, in 1973. As a young architect, he travelled extensively to not just internalise the execution of projects as glorified objects but to “experience first-hand the culture and everyday life of communities on other continents.” Many of these trips were undertaken with his mentor, Hiroshi Hara, pursuing answers to satiate their curiosity about various corners of the world.

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Riken Yamamoto
Above Riken Yamamoto

His career, spanning five decades, has touched on every typology, including city planning, university buildings, elementary schools, civic spaces, and homes. His architecture is original, evolutionary, and relevant; no two buildings are alike because they respond to different issues and conditions. This stems from a mindset of leaving behind the architect’s ego, putting people at the core, and highlighting the vital, necessary role of architecture as a conduit for problem-solving, inspiration, connection, and humanity.

It’s not surprising, then, that in the aftermath of the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, he established Local Area Republic—an institute dedicated to community activities through architectural design—as well as the Local Republic Award in 2018, to honour young architects who act with courage and ideals towards the future.

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