Cover 日本品牌Casio使用葛飾北齋浮世繪作品《神奈川沖浪裏》作為主題製作G-Shock系列腕錶。(Photo: Casio)

浮世繪是什麼?為什麼浮世繪能夠從日本流傳至全球,成為許多創作者的靈感來源?

你一定看過,一幅滔天巨浪幾乎要把數艘船隻吞沒、而背景遠遠望去有著富士山的身影的圖畫——沒錯,這一幅名為《神奈川沖浪裏》的圖畫,是出自知名的日本畫家葛飾北齋之手!這幅作品不只被印製在許多印刷品、服飾、生活用品、玩具,甚至連紅遍全球的動畫《鬼滅之刃》裡主角竃門炭治郎使用的招式「水之呼吸」特效都是受到它的啟發。

事實上,這樣的畫風是名為「浮世繪」的傳統作品,具備獨特風格的浮世繪從日本發跡,在庶民社會之間廣為流傳;隨後在江戶時代達到巔峰,也隨著貿易等交流傳到歐洲,深深影響了當時的許多印象派畫家,浮世繪也造成一股嚮往東方藝術風格的風潮。直到現在,不只仍然有許多藏家熱愛,還可以看到它對於現代各種創作的影響力。就連許多製錶品牌,都使用浮世繪作為靈感進行設計!

延伸閱讀:梵克雅寶《Poetry of Time》高級製錶鑑賞會,用最詩意的心,做最浪漫的腕錶

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Okazaki: Yahagi Bridge (Okazaki, Yahagi no hashi), from the series "Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido (Tokaido gojusan tsugi no uchi)," also known as the Hoeido Tokaido, c. 1833/34. Artist Ando Hiroshige. (Photo by Heritage Art/Heritage Images via Getty Images)
Above 歌川廣重《東海道五十三次》系列之《岡崎:矢矧之橋》。(Photo by Heritage Art/Heritage Images via Getty Images)
Okazaki: Yahagi Bridge (Okazaki, Yahagi no hashi), from the series "Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido (Tokaido gojusan tsugi no uchi)," also known as the Hoeido Tokaido, c. 1833/34. Artist Ando Hiroshige. (Photo by Heritage Art/Heritage Images via Getty Images)

浮世繪是什麼?

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T_ƒå«ji san bijin] = [Three beauties of the present day], Kitagawa, Utamaro (1753?-1806), (Artist), Date Created: 1793 (Photo by: Sepia Times/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Above 浮世繪畫家喜多川歌磨的知名作品《寬政三美人》。 (Photo by: Sepia Times/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
T_ƒå«ji san bijin] = [Three beauties of the present day], Kitagawa, Utamaro (1753?-1806), (Artist), Date Created: 1793 (Photo by: Sepia Times/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

浮世繪(Ukiyo-e)是一種盛行於日本江戶時代的版畫形式,通常是用來描繪市井小民的日常、藝伎美人、歌舞伎演員、相撲選手、歷史場景、民間故事,以及各種自然風景為主。浮世繪一詞之中的「浮世」源自於佛教用語,意味著「俗世」、「現世」,所以在畫中可以見到許多充滿活力的城市和庶民生活面貌。

最早的浮世繪出現在1670年代,以美麗的女性為題材進行單色印刷,隨後慢慢發展出多色版畫印製。一件浮世繪作品通常會需要經過原畫師描繪圖畫,交由專業的木雕師傅雕刻木板,接著由刷版師進行印製。因為版畫完成之後,可以快速印製發行,因此很快的就庶民之間流傳普及,逐漸成為日本一種別具代表性的傳統藝術表現形式。

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Japan: 'Plum Park in Kameido'. Ukiyo-e woodblock print by Utagawa Hiroshige(1797 - 12 October 1858), 1857.<br/><br/> The plum orchard in bloom with its white blossoms and red sky is considered Hiroshige's greatest work and a masterpiece of the ‘ukiyo-e’ (floating world) artistic tradition that was popular during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.<br/><br/> Utagawa, or Ando, Hiroshige was born in Edo (now Tokyo) and was originally a fire warden like his father. He was first inspired by the work of Katsushika
Above 歌川廣重作品《龜戶梅屋舖》。(Photo: Getty Images)
Japan: 'Plum Park in Kameido'. Ukiyo-e woodblock print by Utagawa Hiroshige(1797 - 12 October 1858), 1857.<br/><br/> The plum orchard in bloom with its white blossoms and red sky is considered Hiroshige's greatest work and a masterpiece of the ‘ukiyo-e’ (floating world) artistic tradition that was popular during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.<br/><br/> Utagawa, or Ando, Hiroshige was born in Edo (now Tokyo) and was originally a fire warden like his father. He was first inspired by the work of Katsushika

紅遍全球的「富嶽三十六景」!

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JAPAN - CIRCA 1900:  Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849) was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period. He is best-known as author of the woodblock print series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (c. 1831) which includes the iconic and internationally recognized print, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, created during the 1820s.  (Photo by Buyenlarge/Getty Images)
Above 浮世繪畫家葛飾北齋「富嶽三十六景」系列當中,流傳最廣的《神奈川沖浪裏》。 (Photo by Buyenlarge/Getty Images)
JAPAN - CIRCA 1900:  Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849) was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period. He is best-known as author of the woodblock print series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (c. 1831) which includes the iconic and internationally recognized print, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, created during the 1820s.  (Photo by Buyenlarge/Getty Images)

許多浮世繪畫家留下了許多經典的作品,包含喜多川歌磨的《寬政三美人》、歌川廣重《東海道五十三次》系列與《名所江戶百景》系列,以及以愛貓聞名的歌川國芳留下的各種貓咪圖畫等,但是最具知名度的,或許還是創作出《富嶽三十六景》系列的葛飾北齋。

《富嶽三十六景》是葛飾北齋以富士山作為主角所創作的一系列圖畫,其特色是從不同的地點、季節、時間和角度去觀看富士山,包含江戶、東海道、山梨縣,還有一部分的富士山近景局部。在這數十幅作品裡,最著名的就是《神奈川沖浪裏》,描繪了從神奈川外海的滔天巨浪席捲船隻,驚心動魄的畫面。這幅圖畫估計出版的時候印製了數千幅,現存的數百幅作品有一部分被收藏在大英博物館等地,其受歡迎的程度甚至連令和六年日本發行的1,000元紙幣背面都有出現!

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JAPAN - CIRCA 1900:  Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849) was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period. He is best-known as author of the woodblock print series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (c. 1831) which includes the iconic and internationally recognized print, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, created during the 1820s.  (Photo by Buyenlarge/Getty Images)
Above 浮世繪畫家葛飾北齋作品《山下白雨》。 (Photo by Buyenlarge/Getty Images)
JAPAN - CIRCA 1900:  Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849) was a Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period. He is best-known as author of the woodblock print series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (c. 1831) which includes the iconic and internationally recognized print, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, created during the 1820s.  (Photo by Buyenlarge/Getty Images)

流傳至全世界、影響力持續至現代

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BOSTON, MA - NOVEMBER 11: A museum patron reads the text next to Monet's La Japonaise (Camille Monet in Japanese Costume),1876, at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston's Claude Monet show in Boston on Nov. 11, 2020. The show, which opened first to members only, was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Monet was a French painter, a founder of French Impressionist painting. (Photo by David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)
Above 波士頓美術館收藏的莫內畫作《日本女人》,描繪他的太太卡蜜兒身穿日本和服、手拿和式摺扇的姿態,可以見到莫內受到浮世繪畫作的影響。(Photo by David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)
BOSTON, MA - NOVEMBER 11: A museum patron reads the text next to Monet's La Japonaise (Camille Monet in Japanese Costume),1876, at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston's Claude Monet show in Boston on Nov. 11, 2020. The show, which opened first to members only, was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Monet was a French painter, a founder of French Impressionist painting. (Photo by David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)

浮世繪在江戶時代大為興盛,而在19世紀的時候隨著貿易交流等活動,流傳到歐洲。當時的印象派畫家,包含梵谷、莫內、雷諾瓦等人。梵谷本人相當的欣賞浮世繪,也收藏了許多畫作,甚至曾經親自提筆對浮世繪進行臨摹;而莫內曾經畫下他老婆穿著日式和服、手拿和扇的畫作,甚至在自己的荷花池上蓋了一座日本風格的橋樑,這些都是浮世繪對於西洋畫家的影響。

至今,世界各地都有許多熱愛浮世繪的收藏家,也不少設計、創作以浮世繪作為靈感。例如,世界知名的積木品牌就曾經推出過以葛飾北齋知名創作《神奈川沖浪裏》的積木作品;由Ufotable改編製作、紅遍全球的動畫《鬼滅之刃》,主角竃門炭治郎、富岡義勇等人使用的招式「水之呼吸」劍招時出現的波浪特效,也是模擬浮世繪的風格製作。

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Above 樂高推出以葛飾北齋浮世繪作品《神奈川沖浪裏》為主題的積木拼圖。(Photo: LEGO)
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Above 全球知名動畫《鬼滅之刃》故事裡主角竃門炭治郎以及富岡義勇等角色使用「水之呼吸」劍招時出現的水流特效,即是參考了浮世繪當中描繪波浪、水流的風格去製作。(Photo: 木棉花)

浮世繪成為腕錶創作的主題!

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Above 寶珀創作的藝術大師巨浪工藝腕錶,上面用獨特的工藝重現《神奈川沖浪裏》。(Photo: Blancpain)

充滿東方韻味與特色的浮世繪,成為了很多創作主題靈感,也出現在一些腕錶作品上,讓作品呈現突出的特色。寶珀在多年前,曾經推出一款特殊訂製款腕錶:藝術大師巨浪工藝腕錶,使用經過rokushō綠灰溶液鈍化工序處理的銀曜石,結合白金等材質,把《神奈川沖浪裏》那驚人的海浪重現在錶盤上。

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Above 積家Reverso Tribute翻轉系列腕錶上,重現了《大和吉野義經洗馬瀑布》。(Photo: Jaeger-LeCoultre)
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Above 積家使用琺瑯彩繪工藝重現浮世繪畫作。(Photo: Jaeger-LeCoultre)

知名品牌積家,也曾經推出過兩款Reverso Tribute翻轉系列腕錶,在上面使用精巧的微繪琺瑯技術,重現葛飾北齋的兩幅畫作,分別是《義經在日本大和國吉野洗馬的瀑布》以及《木曾街道上的小野瀑布》。正面是雕刻精細紋路的錶盤;翻轉過去之後則是細緻的微繪琺瑯浮世繪畫作,極具觀賞的價值。

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Photo 1 of 4 Romain Gauthier浮世繪主題Logical One Secret腕錶,為藏家訂製、僅此一枚。(Photo: Romain Gauthier)
Photo 2 of 4 Romain Gauthier浮世繪主題Logical One Secret腕錶,為藏家訂製、僅此一枚。(Photo: Romain Gauthier)
Photo 3 of 4 Romain Gauthier浮世繪主題Logical One Secret腕錶,為藏家訂製、僅此一枚。(Photo: Romain Gauthier)
Photo 4 of 4 Romain Gauthier浮世繪主題Logical One Secret腕錶,為藏家訂製、僅此一枚。(Photo: Romain Gauthier)

瑞士獨立製錶品牌Romain Gauthier在2023年曾經帶來一支獨家訂製Logical One Secret腕錶,使用Logical系列為基礎,透過金雕工藝和琺瑯彩繪,將葛飾北齋的畫作繪製在外層錶蓋和內部的錶盤上面;錶盤翻開內層也繪製上了一幅百工街景圖;錶殼的四周更是用金雕課上細緻的浪花圖騰,可以說是十分的迷人精彩。

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Above Casio G-Shock DW-5600KHG25,上面印有葛飾北齋《凱風快晴》畫作。(Photo: Casio)
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Above Casio G-Shock DW-5600KHK25,上面印有《神奈川沖浪裏》。(Photo: Casio)

除了瑞士品牌,浮世繪發源地的日本,也有將浮世繪用做腕錶創作主題。Casio在日前推出了兩枚G-Shock作品,上面分別用葛飾北齋的兩幅最知名的畫作:《神奈川沖浪裏》以及《凱風快晴》為背景。就像浮世繪一開始是流傳在庶民之間欣賞收藏的作品一樣,卡西歐這兩款G-Shock親民的價格讓一般人也可以將浮世繪佩戴在手上、時時地欣賞。

Edgar Chang
Managing Editor, Watches & Jewellery, Tatler Taiwan
Tatler Asia

About

因緣際會下進入了鐘錶與珠寶的世界,被每一件作品之中蘊藏的精湛工藝與美學所吸引而著迷。

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在《Tatler》主要撰寫鐘錶、珠寶相關主題的撰寫,進行人物採訪,並以執行編輯的身分協助每期出刊作業。