Dr Pui-Wah Choi, founder of WomenX Biotech
Cover Dr Pui-Wah Choi, founder of WomenX Biotech

The founder of WomenX Biotech, a start-up seeking to solve for female reproductive diseases, shares her experiences as a woman in science and a FemTech founder, why early detection of women’s cancers is so important and how she hopes to help

The complexities of love. The challenges of disease. The uncertainty of the future. These were all things that weighed on Dr Pui-Wah Choi’s mind from a very young age. “Why is it so difficult for myself and others to find happiness?” she pondered. Her dream was to bring happiness to all.

“When I was three years old, my father believed I was mute, because I never spoke,” she recalls. It was later discovered that she was capable of speech, but this led those around her to later wonder whether she had autism, as by primary six [around age 12] she seldom spoke, was unhappy and introverted, and lacked friends. That was until she encountered the wonders of science. 

“My journey with science was akin to a romantic tale,” says Choi. “Throughout my secondary school years, I delved deep into the realms of biology, physics and chemistry. Science became my guiding light, illuminating the path to understanding the world and equipping me with the tools to solve even the most intricate problems.”

"Science became my guiding light, illuminating the path to understanding the world and equipping me with the tools to solve even the most intricate problems”

- Dr Pui-Wah Choi -

Science offered a sense of belonging, as Choi went on to participate in science competitions where she represented Hong Kong on a national level. It was here that she formed friendships with individuals who had a similar fascination with science, discovering companionship and the happiness she craved. 

But there was still the question of bringing happiness to others. She would discover how to achieve this as she went on to pursue science at university, where she specialised in biochemistry, completing her bachelor’s degree and PhD at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School, delving into the underlying causes of female cancer. 

“Science opened doors to the realm of disease treatment, and suddenly the fear that once consumed me began to dissipate. I acquired the knowledge necessary to seek the best treatments for family members when they fell ill, confronting the sadness brought about by diseases,” she says. “Science not only brings joy to my own life, but also to the lives of those around me.”

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PantylinerX to analyse pH levels
Above PantylinerX to analyse pH levels
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Menstrual pad for detecting cervical cancer markers
Above Menstrual pad for detecting cervical cancer markers

In 2019, Choi founded WomenX Biotech, a start-up on a mission to improve women’s health, whose products include bacteria-blocking menstrual pads to prevent the overgrowth that causes UTIs and vaginal infections; PantylinerX with a pH detecting layer; pads to collect menstrual blood for HPV testing (due to launch this year); and pads for detecting cervical cancer (currently undergoing clinical trials). 

Here, she shares more about her quest to use innovative products for early detection of women’s diseases, her journey in science, and what women should be aware of when it comes to female reproductive cancers.

What made you want to study women’s reproductive diseases in particular and how did WomenX Biotech come about?

I developed a particular interest in studying women's diseases, especially reproductive cancers like ovarian and cervical cancer, due to the unique challenges they pose. Unlike male reproductive organs, female reproductive organs are not externally visible, making it difficult to detect abnormalities or symptoms until they reach an advanced stage. This delayed diagnosis often leads to poorer outcomes for patients. Recognising this gap, I was motivated to contribute to the development of improved methods for early detection and diagnosis.

The decision to establish WomenX was driven by the need to address female reproductive diseases, such as cervical cancer, which affects three million women annually worldwide. Early detection of cervical cancer can dramatically increase the five-year survival rate from 17 percent to 95 percent. However, the gold standard for detection, the Pap smear, faces reluctance among Asian women stemming from embarrassment, discomfort, and the perceived unhygienic nature of the procedure. Even when offered for free under national programmes, a significant percentage of women decline to undergo Pap smears. In China, for example, only 35 percent of women receive the test, indicating a substantial reluctance among the remaining 65 percent. This highlights the pressing need for alternative, easy and effective detection methods.

To address this need, I began exploring innovative solutions. By developing non-invasive and reliable biomarkers, I aim to improve the chances of detecting these diseases at an earlier stage, enabling more effective management and treatment. Additionally, I am committed to exploring alternative screening methods for cervical cancer that are convenient, comfortable and ensure high participation rates among women.

I began exploring the collection of fluid passing through the cervical area, which contains cancer markers. Menstrual blood emerged as a viable option for capturing these markers. Recognising the absence of clinical procedures for collecting menstrual blood, I embarked on inventing a purpose-specific pad.

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Dr Pui-Wah Choi at work
Above Dr Pui-Wah Choi at work

What do you want to achieve with WomenX Biotech?

We want to normalise the concept of "understanding reproductive health" as something as routine as measuring body weight and blood pressure. One of our products is a pantyliner with a pH indicating layer inside. Women can use it daily to monitor the pH of their vaginal discharge and determine if it is within the normal range. If the pH is abnormal, it may indicate a high risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV), and they may need to make changes to their habits to improve the situation. Ignoring BV can increase the likelihood of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The pantyliner sends a message to everyone that understanding reproductive health is not embarrassing or solely related to sex; it is a privilege for women.

In addition to BV, we also focus on ovarian cancer detection and tests related to fertility. We invent until one day all female reproductive related diseases are diagnosed early.

Through WomenX, I aim to advance popular science, disseminating scientifically proven health information through social platforms to empower individuals with knowledge about their health. Additionally, I aspire to inspire and nurture young scientists, fostering a new generation that can contribute to eradicating the fear of diseases.

By focusing on early detection, raising awareness, and providing innovative solutions, WomenX aims to significantly improve the lives of women worldwide. By enabling timely interventions and empowering women with knowledge, we hope to reduce the impact of reproductive diseases, promote better health outcomes, and ultimately contribute to a healthier and more informed society.

"By enabling timely interventions and empowering women with knowledge, we hope to reduce the impact of reproductive diseases, promote better health outcomes, and ultimately contribute to a healthier and more informed society"

- Dr Pui-Wah Choi -

We need more women in science if we are to see a greater focus on solving for women’s diseases. What have been the challenges of being a woman in your field?

In my industry, being a woman often places me in the minority. One of the main challenges I face is the prevalence of stereotypes. When people see me in a group of business professionals, they tend to assume that I am involved in marketing or sales rather than being a tech founder or scientist. However, once they learn about my extensive experience and solid scientific background, my track record speaks for itself and proves that my capabilities are not defined by my gender.

Another challenge I encounter is in building partnerships and seeking investment. For instance, when we reach out to potential partners regarding our smart sanitary pad vending machine, we often face resistance from male counterparts. Many of them dismiss the idea, claiming that there is no demand or that it is too private a product to be provided by their organisation. It can be difficult to introduce FemTech products to men in positions of authority who may not fully grasp the urgent need for such a product. Similarly, male investors may struggle to understand the importance and potential of a FemTech product, as their own experiences may not align with the target audience's needs. 

Furthermore, as I approach the age of 30, some collaborators and peers become overly concerned about my marital status. There is often an expectation for women to get married within a certain timeframe, which is seen as a safer path. Entrepreneurship is inherently about taking risks, and this pressure to conform to societal norms can create a conflicting image for women in the field.

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Dr Pui-Wah Choi
Above Dr Pui-Wah Choi

Have you found opportunities as a woman in science? 

As a female scientist, I see great opportunities to address female-related issues and cater to the demand for FemTech products. Having personally experienced menstrual pain and relied on pads for the past 20 years, I bring a unique perspective and understanding to the development of female-oriented products.

In the process of creating these products, I've encountered a disparity in how men comprehend the urgency and grasp the product design. For example, some have suggested incorporating electronic parts, Wi-Fi, and batteries into the pads, while we prioritise ensuring the safety of the product. To truly understand the product's performance, we conduct experiments using real menstrual blood, specifically my own, as artificial blood lacks the same bacteria, stickiness and viscosity. This attention to detail significantly influences the product's design. It is worth noting that my menstrual blood has likely been studied more extensively in the laboratory than anyone else's!

January is Cervical Cancer Awareness month. What would you like women to be more aware of with regard to cervical cancer, given your own work in this field?

Firstly, we want women to understand the factors that contribute to cervical cancer. This includes being aware that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer and that certain risk factors, such as smoking and a weakened immune system, can increase the likelihood of developing the disease.

Secondly, it is crucial for women to know how to prevent cervical cancer and receive early diagnosis. This involves practicing safe sex, getting vaccinated against HPV, and undergoing regular cervical cancer screenings, such as Pap smears or HPV tests. By taking these preventive measures and participating in routine screenings, women can significantly reduce their risk of developing advanced-stage cervical cancer.

Thirdly, women should understand that early detection plays a vital role in improving survival rates. When cervical cancer is diagnosed in its early stages, the five-year survival rate can increase to as high as 95 percent. This emphasises the importance of regular screenings and prompt medical attention if any symptoms or abnormalities are noticed.

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